Our area has a range of water quality issues, from minor annoyances to significant health threats. Depending on your location, whether you use city or well water, the age of your house and pipes, will determine the quality of your drinking water.
New England Water Quality Issues
The health and safety of your household water can only be determined by a combination of onsite and laboratory testing.
High Iron
Symptom
- Stains in sinks, tubs, dishwasher, and washing machine
- Metallic tasting water
- Low water pressure
Water Quality Issue
- Iron dissolved in water from bedrock or from nearby disturbance
- Iron above the drinking water standard of 0.3 mg/L is most likely to cause these symptoms
High Manganese
Symptom
- Stains in sinks, tubs, dishwasher, and laundry
- Metallic tasting water
Water Quality Issue
- Manganese dissolved from bedrock or from nearby disturbance
- Reacts with bleach to intensify staining
- Manganese above the SMCL of 0.05 mg/L will cause these symptoms Above certain levels can be a health threat
Hard Water
Symptom
- Grey/White film in sinks, tubs, dishes
- Reduced suds in laundry
- Failure of water heater elements
- Frizzy-Dry Hair
- Dry Skin
Water Quality Issue
- High levels of calcium and magnesium dissolved from bedrock
- Causes scale buildup inside pipes, restricting water flow
- Reduces useful life appliances
- Rough on your skin and hair
Low pH
Symptom
- Blue-green stains in sinks and tubs
- Metallic tasting water
- Pinhole leaks in pipes, corroded pipes
Water Quality Issue
- Corrosive water generally caused by low pH and low total dissolved solids–can be natural
- Stains are caused by copper (and possibly lead) leached from plumbing
- More acidic water can leach metal from your plumbing system into your water
Solution
- Acid neutralizing filters
- Soda-ash injection
- Aeration
Salt Intrusion (Salinity)
Symptom
- Heavy corrosion
- Salty buildups
- Salty taste to water
Water Quality Issue
- Saltwater intrusion can naturally occur in coastal aquifers, owing to the hydraulic connection between groundwater and seawater
- This is highly corrosive, not drinkable and generally unusable water
- This can be purified into a high-quality water supply
Solution
Hydrogen Sulfide
Symptom
- Rotten egg odor in cold and hot water
- Black greasy stains
- Tarnishes silver
Water Quality Issue
- Hydrogen sulfide, sulfides, sulfate reducing bacteria in groundwater
- There is no EPA standard for acceptable level but any amount can cause these symptoms
- Can be naturally occurring or from iron/sulfide reducing bacteria
Solution
- Shock chlorination of well (in some cases)
- oxidizing filter
- continuous chlorination
- Aeration
Oily or Odd Odor
Symptom
- Musty, fishy or oily smell & or taste
Water Quality Issue
- Can be caused by: naturally decaying organic material in the water source
- Chloramine is a compound of chlorine and ammonia used to disinfect public water sources. It can cause a fishy odor in your water
- Sometimes increase in these smells during the summertime because algae blooms are more prevalent in lakes and water reservoirs when in direct sunlight and in warm water
Solution
- Shock chlorination of well water
- Reverse osmosis
- Activated carbon
- Ozonation
Turbidity
Symptom
- Turbid, cloudy, or dirty water
- Clogging of faucet screens frequently
Water Quality Issue
- Measurable concentrations of total suspended sediment (TSS) or turbidity caused by silt, sediment, and clay
- May also originate from oxidized metals (iron above 0.3 mg/L and/or manganese above 0.05 mg/L) that are naturally occurring
- May contain harmful bacteria, viruses and parasites that attach to suspended particles in the water
Solution
- Cartridge (Sediment) filtration (less severe cases)
- Reverse Osmosis
- Activated Carbon
Health Threat Contaminants
Whether you have well water or a public water supply the following contaminants may be present at some level in your water: Arsenic, Radon, PFA’s, THM’s, and Bacteria. See below for detail.
Arsenic
Symptom
- Impossible to detect by taste, smell or visual inspection
- Requires certified Lab test
Water Quality Issue
- Arsenic is an element that occurs naturally in rocks and soil
- Arsenic is used for a variety of purposes within industry and agriculture
- Can be a health threat at elevated levels
Solution
- Removal technologies include arsenic specific media
- Reverse Osmosis
Radon
Symptom
- Impossible to detect by taste, smell or visual inspection
- Requires certified Lab test
Water Quality Issue
- Radon is produced by the breakdown of radioactive elements normally present in soil, rock and water
- Radon is found in all 50 states at various levels
- Radon is released into air when water is run in showers & Faucets
- Can be a health threat at elevated levels
Solution
- Aeration treatment – spraying water or mixing it with air and then venting the air from the water before use
- GAC treatment – filtering water through granular activated carbon
PFAS (Per and Polyfluoroalkyl substances)
Symptom
- Impossible to detect without a certified lab test
Water Quality Issue
- Man-made chemicals are emerging contaminants and are being found around the country in water supplies
- Negative effects on internal body systems such as the immune system, reproductive system, and developmental disruption
- Potential carcinogens
Solution
Trihalomethanes (THMs) & Haloacetic Acid
Symptom
- Impossible to detect without a certified lab test
Water Quality Issue
- By-products of chlorination mixing with organic material (typically surface water supplies)
- Negative effects on the liver, kidney and central nervous system
- Reproductive disruption
- Potential carcinogens
Solution
Bacteria
Symptom
- Persistent gastrointestinal illnesses, odor may or may not be present
Water Quality Issue
- Coliform bacteria, fecal bacteria, E. coli bacteria from runoff, septic systems, animals, poor well or spring construction
- All of the bacteria have a MCL³ of less than 1 colony per 100 mL so any detectable level of these bacteria can cause these symptoms
Solution
- Shock chlorination of well
- Ultraviolet light
- Chlorination
- Ozonation system for persistent occurrence